The Formation Of Identity Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Formation Of Identity Essay, Research Paper The Formation of Identity Our ain organic structures can travel without the will carry oning them ( Descartes 73 ) . This doctrine is based upon the thought that the organic structure is merely a machine used by its agent, the psyche. Therefore, non merely would the organic structure be able to run without the psyche, as Rene Descartes suggests, presuming that will is enveloped in the thought of the psyche, but the psyche would besides be able to last outside the organic structure, substituting organic structures and outside signifiers but still able to go on to be or map in malice of losing its original ( or possibly merely long term ) bureau. The storyteller in The Mask surely uses this thought in the formation of her individuality. At first she hardly even recognizes any connexion between her organic structure and her individuality ( or what she views as her individuality ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Formation Of Identity Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, as the two blend, she divides them once more, morphing into a machine, much like the metaphor Descartes employs. The separation of the organic structure and psyche non merely allows her organic structure to map without her individuality carry oning it but besides allows her individuality to take itself from its original organic structure to that of a machine. The storyteller s individuality in The Mask is shown as a separate entity from that of her organic structure, and hence her individuality does non be as a consequence of or even in connexion with her organic structure, instead it is formed by her ideas, memories and fate. From the beginning, it is apparent that her individuality does non depend upon her organic structure. She existed in the beginning ( Lem 67 ) , sing the darkness and cold fire ( 67 ) even before she experiences any physical cognition of her organic structure. As each new esthesis is discovered, from physical feeling to really cognizing her gender, she is able to grok more and conceive of more thoughts, yet she was still in complete ignorance about [ herself ] ( 69 ) , mentioning to her organic structure. She is able to cognize of her feelings and reactions during this clip of find which hence lead one to the thought that she has some kind of consciousness during that clip and that this must be her individuality or p syche because her organic structure, as yet, played no portion. It is evident that, from the beginning, her individuality has no connexion to her organic structure. Although it seems as though the storyteller s individuality canastas with her organic structure, it is clear that her ideas and true inner emotions are in actuality wholly divided from her organic structure. Her organic structure would travel and run without the storyteller really commanding it. In fact, as her organic structure moved, she does non even cognize where she is traveling but merely that it is go oning on ( 68 ) . Her organic structure moves through the gestures of walking through the hall and curtsying, all the while the storyteller s individuality inquiring how [ she ] cognize this so good and with such certainty ( 69 ) . She has no cognition of her organic structure s experiences beyond that which had rushed into [ her ] at the entryway of the hall ( 70 ) . Simply, her individuality has nil to make with what her organic structure is making. It is really possible for her individuality to command its organic structure ( because that occurs subsequently in the narrative ) and respond to the organic structure every bit good. For case, in coming into contact with the gentleman, the storyteller blooms. She had nil whatever to make with that bloom, it came from the same beginning as the cognition that had entered [ her ] at the threshold of the hall ( 72 ) . This bloom, a natural reaction, had come from the same beginning as her organic structure s intuitions, being the organic structure itself. It is evident that she had no control over her reactions, and in comparing this to her cognition, it is besides evident that her organic structure had a life of its ain. It moves in the ways it needs and it reacts intuitively without the soul/identity interfering. The storyteller s separation of her individuality from its organic structure follows the ideas of Descartes. Descartes doctrine of the organic structure is that it is like a machine, and because a machine has no psyche, the organic structure needs no psyche to run. He states our ain organic structures can travel without the will carry oning them ( Descartes 73 ) like machines which the industry of adult male can invent ( 73 ) . If a machine can run efficaciously, holding all of the correct parts to execute basic maps, so the organic structure, being merely comprised of variety meats and a web of venas and arterias, should be able to besides work on its ain. The difference between a machine and the human organic structure is that machines could neer utilize words or other marks, composing them as we do to declare our ideas to others ( 74 ) . Second, machines do non move through cognition ( 74 ) . In other words, machines are neither able to gestate of nor express ideas or thoughts. Wo rlds can and Descartes suggests that this is because we have a spirit ; an individuality. The storyteller in The Mask is able to both conceive of and show thought s, despite her mechanical alteration and visual aspect. This both agrees with and challenges Descartes doctrine. The storyteller still feels a withdrawal from her organic structure as she is morphing into another organic structure. She sets up the full operation though still views the state of affairs about in 3rd individual, seeing the actions of her organic structure and thought of them as really separate from her true individuality. She looks into the mirror and sees her organic structure as if [ it ] intended to stab [ itself ] , a scene dramatically perfect ( Lem 212 ) . She sees her life as one views a drama, a scene played out by histrions, portraying a character though non really that character on the interior, their true individuality hidden and different from the portion that they are playing. Then, she cuts unfastened the organic structure and sees the tremendous foetus ( 83 ) . It is here that she understands that it was non it, a foreign thing, different and other, it was once more [ herself ] ( 83 ) . This is where the storyteller s individuality challenges Descartes doctrine. She transforms into the mechanical preying mantid. She non merely becomes this insect, but her individuality seems to morph into the mantid every bit good, for it is merely so that she realizes her true fate, to kill her lover. It is this irresistible impulse which antecedently [ she ] had merely suspected ( 89 ) , and now cognize in her organic structure. In Descartes thought, this machine could non hold a psyche much less create the fate for a psyche. But, in fact, this is what happens to the storyteller. She becomes a mechanism with a multiple memory of things otiose to a hunting machine ( 91 ) . In going this, she realizes her fate and it is forced upon her. She is controlled by this machines fate, giving to the reflecting metal [ which ] had composing into it movements ( 84 ) . She follows these instructions, her individuality organizing itself by the actions of her new organic structure. She is gratified when those [ she ] came upon prostrated themselves ( 88 ) and when her lower sense of odor went idle [ she ] experienced a feeling of bad luck ( 88 ) . The storyteller begins to believe and respond in the manner her organic structure reacts, intermixing the two together. This contradicts both with her experience in the human organic structure every bit good as with Descartes definition of individuality and psyche. She at one time is controlled by and controls her organic structure, a machine. In Descartes doctrine, a sensible psyche could non in any manner be derived from the power of affair it must be created expressly ( Descartes 162 ) . In The Mask, the storyteller is recreated in the mechanical preying mantid. She acts and reacts upon acquiring instructions from the machine. The storyteller insists that she still has an individuality with desire [ and ] fate ( Lem 91 ) , yet it is derived from the machine. This besides differs from her old experience with her human organic structure. When she is in the human organic structure, the storyteller is able to believe and respond to what her organic structure is making. Her organic structure is able to move on its ain every bit good. This defined a big separation between the individuality and the organi c structure, as Descartes expressed. If a organic structure were to hold no head ( and hence no individuality ) , it would still travel in all the same ways that it does [ with a head ] ( Descartes 163 ) . In this state of affairs, the reader is lead to believe that the individuality genuinely is separate from the organic structure. Yet, so the storyteller transforms into a mechanical being and so is controlled by that being and its fate. This contradicts intensely as her individuality becomes that of the machine. The machine and its destiny signifier the storyteller s individuality, non by her actions because even though she tries to alter her fate into what she desires, destiny wins and her lover is dead in the terminal. The formation of one s individuality is so really hard to follow. Descartes attempted to at least fit boundaries on how an individuality or psyche is created, saying that our psyche is of a nature wholly independent of the organic structure ( Descartes 162 ) . The Mask efforts to both prove and refute this doctrine, or possibly merely dispute it. The storyteller inhabits two organic structures throughout the class of the narrative. Each one represents a different method of making an individuality. In the human organic structure, the individuality is created expressly. The individuality develops itself without influence from the organic structure it is in. But, one time changed into the mechanical insect, the storyteller all of a sudden finds her individuality run by the machine. She finds herself following the machine s instructions and falling into the machine s fate. This suggests an individuality formed by the organic structure that it occupies. Is the individuality formed in it o f itself or is it created by its bureau? The individuality foremost develops itself without relation to anything else, including its organic structure. As one s individuality morphs and alterations as its environment transforms. The individuality is formed through a combination of these two thoughts. 33a

Rosa Luxemburg essays

Rosa Luxemburg essays Rosa Luxemburg was arguably one of the finest political theorists of the 20th century. Luxemburg was a German revolutionary leader, journalist, and socialist theorist. She lived the international life of a Socialist pilgrim, believing that only socialism could bring true freedom and social justice. Luxemburg was the advocate of mass action, spontaneity, and workers democracy but her criticism of the revisionist position of Edward Bernstein is considered her most important legacy to European political thought. Rosa Luxemburg was born into a middle class, Jewish family on March 5, 1871, in the small town of Zamosc in southeastern Russian Poland in the year of the Paris commune. She was the youngest out of five children, three boys and two girls. Her father lacked the knack for business. When his fortunes declined and his familys needs grew he decided to try his luck in the capital. When Rosa was two and a half years old her family moved to Warsaw, where she grew up (Waters 1). At the age of five she developed a serious hip ailment, and had to spend nearly a year in bed. While bedridden for that year she taught herself to read. The disease was wrongly diagnosed as tuberculosis and wrongly treated. She never fully recovered from the disease and walked with a slight limp for the rest of her life (Waters 1). At the age of thirteen, Rosa entered the second girls high school in Warsaw. She graduated on June 14,1887 with an excellent academic record. She was supposed to have received a gold metal that she had earned for academic achievements, but was denied because of her rebellious attitude towards the authorities (Feminist). At sixteen she found her soul mates in the social-minded students in the underground circles. She became active in the underground revolutionary movement during her high school years. She joined a small cell of the Proletariat Party, which was allied with the terrorist Narodnik, or Populist, movemen...

According to the requirement and i am living in the Santa Barbara Assignment

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Work psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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An Introduction To Multiculturalism The Concept Sociology Essay The definition of multiculturalism depends a great deal upon the context in which it is discussed. Concept of multiculturalism is constantly varying as more people make their voices heard to a recurrently increasing audience. Multiculturalism implies the diverse perspectives people develop and maintain through varieties of experience and background stemming from racial, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation and/or class differences in our society. Multiculturalism is the acceptance or promotion of various ethnic cultures. It is diversity valid to the demographic make-up of a specific place, often at the organizational level, e.g. schools, businesses, neighborhoods, cities or nations. In this context, multiculturalists advocate extending equitable status to distinct ethnic and religious groups without promoting any specific ethnic, religious, and/or cultural community values as central. Multiculturalism should preserve the ideals of equality, equity, freedom and respect for individuals and groups as a principle fundamental to the success of a nation. Background of British Public Life Style that embraces Multiculturalism the Evolution Britian is one of Europes most multi-cultural nations. There are a number of policy drivers and historical happening that have led Britian to evolve into multicultural society that it is today. There is no infliction of immigration in the 1914 and 1948 Nationality Acts. Immigration remained low, however until after 1948. In 1953 the total number of immigrants to Britain was 2000 and by the end of the first half of 1962 the number had risen to 94,500. The 1948 British Nationality Act established positive immigration rights to Citizens of Commonwealth countries. Britain experienced an increase in immigration rate in post war era due to deficiency of labor. Initially men alone came to Britain for jobs but in late 1960s and early seventies their families joined them. These included mostly Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims and Buddhists as well as Christians and they settled in London, in the Midlands and the North and in the seaport towns of Liverpool and Cardiff. The immigration load of 1960s and early seventies made UK an ethnically and religiously diverse community. The idea that the immigrant would ultimately merge and become part of the host culture which was given in mid-50s was rejected. These communities develop their own cultural values. Racial tension increased and by the end of 1950s immigrants were subjected to unprovoked racist attacks. This resulted in the notion that immigration and race relations were politically controversial issues and there was a growing campaign to introduce immigration controls. Between 1950 and 1955 certain control measures were adopted to reduce the influx to Uk as the number of West Indian, Indian and Pakistani immigrants increased. But in spite of the strict immigration policy the population of immigrants is still growing Over the last decade most of the immigrants came from the Indian subcontinent or the Caribbean, i.e. from former British colonies. In 2004 the number of people who became British citizens rose to a record 140,795 a rise of 12% on the previous year. This number had risen dramatically since 2000. The huge majority of new citizens come from Africa (32%) and Asia (40%), the largest three groups being people from Pakistan, India and Somalia. This resulted in changes to the British way of life and the UK became known as a multicultural community. However, more recently the term multiculturalism is becoming a contested concept both in sociological discourse and in recent policy making. The term multiculturalism is generally thought to have arisen in Britain in a speech by the then Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins in 1966. While this term is current in the UK there are often instances where local politics can serve to exclude minority cultures while promoting the values of the dominant white culture. Multiculturalism is also a term which describes aspects of social policy. Multiculturalism is used in a number of ways which can serve either to celebrate difference or to act as a cover for what, in any real terms, is another form of enforced assimilation. It also needs to be recognized that diverse ethnic groups now consist of large numbers of people who have been born in Britain. Causes for Reduction in Peoples Moral Value and Multi-cultural Understandings of Harmony in UK 1. Materialistic Lifestyles and Lack of Religious Influences Nowdays people are inclined towards economic advancement rather than social advancement on basis of sticking to the moral values. Simplicity has been taken over by extravagent life styles and extra needs. This brings human cirlce of behavior and brings about significant impact on the entire social fabric. There is lack of religious and spiritual influences on people, and they do not tend to believe in virtues and moralities. In the The Twilight of a Great Civilization, with reference to lack of religious influences on nations and consequent emergence of immoralities, Theologian Carl Henry stated that there is no fixed truth, no final good, no ultimate meaning or purpose, and that the living God is a primitive illusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it champions mysticism, occult forces and powers, communion with nature and exotic religions. This concept of illusional God is taking up roots in various sections of British society. 2. Fragmented Family Structure A dysfunctional family is detrimental to the development of an individual and usually results in low self-morale. Among the numerous factors for the deterioration of morals among the youth, such as lack of religious education and appreciation and peer pressure, a dysfunctional family were stated as the leading causes. The family is the basic building blocks of society. Abuse whether sexual, physical, emotional, or mental is a very real and crippling problem in families today. Young adults, couples and elderly struggle with anxiety, depression, panic attacks, sex addiction, abuse, incest, sleep disorders, divorce, mid-life illness, death and many more problems. The family has dramatically changed over the last 30 years. This results in the deterioration of morals, values, beliefs, priorities, and life styles. Such disjointed social systems where an individual is so aloof from family would definitely show rejection and lack of trust to other members of the society especially those from alien cultures. Lack of harmony in family structures ultimately lead to lack of harmony in multi-cultural society. 3. Disillusioned Youth Young people are taught in our schools and colleges that ethics, morals, right and wrong depend upon the situation. Some teachers and professors use the concept of Values Clarification to inculcate students that their desires represent valid moral and ethical values. Many of these people have come of age and are among our highest leaders today. Morality is vital in all areas of society. It is the critical education young people obtain that imparts ethical values that endow with lasting benefits. Todays teachings produce mixed results. Name calling and bulling due to racism is prevalent in British schools and educational systems. This causes discomfort to students from other cultures and creates sense of disharmony. 4. Negative Messages by Media Billboards, magazines, TV commercials, music videos all portray messages of sex, violence and extravagant lifestyles. Blood gore horror flicks or action packed ones are all full of images of violence. Even video games have element of adventure by infusing streaks of violence by use of guns, explosives, daggers. These channels of exposure to voilence makes us prone to being emotionally insensitive, and enhance trends of agression, anger and violence in the society. Violent and aggressive trends call up for dis-harmony amongst various segments of multi-cultural society. 5. Racist Behavior Racists do not like foreign people who live in the UK, either as immigrants or as visitors. Racist behavior is more widespread in areas where there are many immigrants or in towns where there are many international students. Racist behavior implies the use of slang expressions. The British Crime Survey reveals that in 2004, 87,000 people from black or minority ethnic communities said they had been a victim of a racially motivated crime. They had suffered 49,000 violent attacks, with 4,000 being wounded. At the same time 92,000 white people said they had also fallen victim of a racially motivated crime. The number of violent attacks against whites reached 77,000, while the number of white people who reported being wounded was five times the number of black and minority ethnic victims at 20,000. Most of the offenders (57%) in the racially motivated crimes identified in the British Crime Survey are not white. White victims said 82% of offenders were not white. 6. Hatered Flared due to Terrorist Attacks According to a report by BBC race-hate crimes increased by almost 600 per cent in London in the month after the July 7 bomb attacks, with 269 more offenses allegedly motivated by religious hatred reported to the Metropolitan Police, compared to the same period last year.  [1]  Muslim community living in Britian becomes subjected to harsh attitudes because they are all believed to be from terrorist groups. Religious leaders of Muslim groups hold the view that government and race bodies for pursuing a policy which, he claims, has alienated Muslims. These views were stated to be absurd by the Commission for Racial Equality. This rift between those representing Muslim community and the Commission for Racial Equality reflect a deep set sense of opposing views. Suggestions to Enhance Understanding and Harmony amongst Various Sections of British Society Media Propagation Media can play a vital role in promoting peace and harmony oriented messages. Role of Educational Systems Children and students should be taught respect and tolerance for other cultural and religious trends prevalent. They must be taught to tolerate and accept rather than to retaliate and reject. Students from different ethnic backgrounds should be encouraged to share knowledge about their cultural heritage, and the teacher can add the element of fun and interactive learning in the whole process, so that the students affiliate positivity with this exercise. At higher educational level, knowledge can be shared on wider platforms through tutorial, or intellectual discussions. Role of Government and Legal Bodies Fair and transparent government mechanisms, policy making, and legal framework. Human rights should be followed rigidly and justice should be available to all regardless of color, race or religion. Role of Peace Organizations Various organizations can come into play to drive peace and harmony campaigns. For example, Peace Boat has been active in the field of education for peace and sustainability through the organization of educational voyages, based o ­n lectures, workshops and study-exchange programmes both o ­nboard the ship and in ports of call. Their Global University and International Student (IS) programmes provide innovative approaches to peace and sustainability-related studies through intensive learning onboard and direct exposure to issues in various countries. Equal Opportunities and Freedom to Express Cultural Values Government should ensure equal opportunities regarding availability of basic necessities, housing, education, health care, employment should be available to all the communities and social stratas of UK. People should not feel awkward to expressing their cultural norms in anyway. Law should be made flexible to allow people to wear hijabs and veils (Muslim women), turbans (Sikhs) etc at work and educational places. Government should ensure that the performance of various religious cultural activities and festivals are not hindered in any way. Changes at Individual Level At the end of the day all these suggestions can add up to be nil if each one of us individually fails to take others as they are. Each one of us must work and evaluate our holistic approach of going about things. No one can compel us to exhibit tolerance or respect towards other communities unless we feel the need to do so within ourselves. The question might be: Why the need to change anyway? The answer: Change for a secure, peaceful and brighter tomorrow! Policy Areas to be covered by Government to Promote a Multi-cultural Society In UK 50 years ago, when for the first time the effect of mass immigration was experienced, the need for policy, political and legal changes was felt. With this the concern of the Government was to integrate and assimilate the incoming groups into host communities. Policy making is very crucial as it can help in formulating policies which helps in determining the representation which various ethnicities receives in television or press. It helps in determining the code of conduct for these communities, the dress code, and content of education, the freedom for observing religious holidays and to celebrate festivals. With the years Multiculturalism has initiated many disputes but the The UK Government has focused less on establishment of multicultural policy and more on issues of inclusion and cohesion. While it was principally ignored under Margaret Thatchers Government the success of New Labor has meant that the term has grow to be a common currency in political debate and in policy making. In 1997 the ODPM was given task for a social exclusion unit which aims to embark on research into a number of different areas. Social inclusion and cohesion are not just used in relation to diverse ethnic groups but are the basis for policy making in a number of other areas such as mental health, early years education and homelessness. Issues of inclusion cover a host of areas and can range from the numbers of ethnic minorities using childcare facilities, to those undertaking further education of some kind to increase their employment prospects. Policy making aimed at reducing inequalities in both the labor and the housing market. In order to be successful anti-racist strategies need to be multi-faceted and aimed at subjective, institutional, and structural racism. Past policies have been deficiently focused because there is no clear consensus in Britain what equal opportunity and multiculturalism mean either in ideological or practical terms. According to a Policy Studies Institute (1982) report found that in the majority of diverse ethnic communities rates of unemployment were twice as elevated among these groups as they were in the governing host group. There is a continuing disparity in terms of wages, exclusionary modes of hiring and higher unemployment rates, certain ethnic groups experience greater success in the labor market than do others. Housing policies also tend to discriminate against asylum seekers/refugees and other diverse ethnic groups. Clearly there are problems in the categorization of diverse ethnic grou ps and in present policy making, which, instead of greater inclusion sometimes tends to further leave out such groups. In the light of above mentioned scenario of policy decisions and proceedings, it is suggested that to sustain and promote a healthy Multi-cultural Society the Government should address the following policy areas: 1. Economic Policy Areas Economic policies should attract intellectual capital, trade, skilled migration, education, tourism, and science/technology. Establish partnerships between government agencies and business, industry, tourism, and education sectors to promote and maximize the economic advantages of cultural diversity and promote the State as a destination to work and live together. Develop supporting strategies for multiculturalism in international relations, tourism, trade and export areas. Develop educational and promotional activities to increase awareness of the economic benefits of multiculturalism. Develop strategies in the public sector to better capture the benefits of a diverse workforce. 2. Policies to Support Communities Policies should be developed for funding and investing in communities to further multiculturalism through research, policy development, advocacy, community awareness, festivals, services, projects and networks. Policies should be formulated in consultation with agencies and stakeholders in the community and across government on multicultural affairs. 3. Policies to Strengthen Multiculturalism in the Public Sector Government agencies should ensure that regardless of cultural and linguistic backgrounds, all communities have equal access to services. 4. Policies to Strengthen Community relations and anti-racism Policies should be designed for strengthening the sense of belonging in their local environment and in the global community. Policies should be taken up to promote positive and cohesive community relations across the whole community through a renewed community relations plan. 5. Policies to Develop Multicultural Education in British Schools Educational systems should be developed keeping in view the requirements and cultural backgrounds of students coming from various backgrounds. Methods of teaching and interaction should promote multi-cultural harmony amongst the students. 6. Policies for Equal Opportunities Policies should be developed to eunsure that people from all communities have equal access to basic necessities, housing, education, health care, and employment Transparency in Government Operations Transparency in government operations will definitely bring in good understanding between different sections of society. In principle, a basic requirement for transparency in the overall structure and functions of government is a clear demarcation of the boundaries between the public and private sectors and, within the former, between different levels of government with respect to the state enterprise sector.  [2]  Transparent government operations would mean sound government policies, administrative frameworks, finances, good governance, and overall fiscal integrity. Transparent government operations would be accountable to all the communities dwelling in the UK. It would clearly distinguish provision of rights, protection by law and facilities by the government to the people. This would cumulate a sense of justice and equality in the society and hence promote greater level of social security and harmony. Role of Public in Promoting Harmony and Understanding Public can play a major role in promoting harmony by abiding by the law and respecting multicultural policies. As discussed earlier each one of use must develop a sense of tolerance and respect for other members of the society. Public can actively participate in other communities cultural activities and not only promote a sense of harmony but also learn about other cultures. At homes parents must teach their children how to respect and deal politely with foreign children at schools. At work place, shopping malls, community centers we must learn to respect and treat all members of the community equally. *********************** REFRENCES: Giddens, A., Sociology, 2001, 4th Edition, Cambridge, Polity Press. Skellington R. and Morris, P., Race in Britain Today, 1992, London, Sage. Braham, P. Rattansi, A. and Skellington, R., Racism and Antiracism, 1982, London, Sage. The Roots of Multiculturalism, Retrieved on 21st March 2010, from : http://www.law-essays-uk.com/free-essays/multi-culturalism-in-social-policy.php Winnail, Douglas S., Moral Decline Ahead, 2002, Volume 4, Issue 4, Retrieved on 19th March 2010 from : http://www.tomorrowsworld.org/cgi-bin/tw/tw-mag.cgi?category=Magazine19item=1104106519 Daniel, Finaz and Begawan, Bandar SeriConcern over decline in moral values, February 21, 2008, The Brunei Times, Retrieved on 20th March 2010, from : http://www.bt.com.bn/en/home_news/2008/02/21/concern_over_decline_in_moral_values Racism, UK Student Life 2002-2009, Retrieved 19th March 2010 from : http://www.ukstudentlife.com/Personal/Safety.htm#Racism Racism in the United Kingdom , Retrieved 19th March 2010 from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom#cite_note-3#cite_note-3 Freeman, Simon, Britain urged to wake up to race crisis, The Times, September 22, 2005, Retrieved on 20th March 2010, from: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article569491.ece Muslims alienated by UK policy, October, 2001, Retrieved on 20th March 2010 from : http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1630513.stm Tatsuya, Yoshioka and Mari, Kushibuchi, Education for Peace Sustainability, Peace Boat, Retrieved on 19th March 2010 from: http://www.peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_ckey=240 Braham, P. Rattansi, A. and Skellington, Racism and Antiracism, 1992, London, Sage. Solomos, J and Back, L., Racism and Society, 1996, London, Macmillan Press. Modood, T. and Berthood R., Ethnic Minorities in Britain Diversities and Disadvantage, 1997, London, PSI. Multicultural Queensland making a world of difference, 2004, Queensland Government Multicultural Policy, Retrieved on 21st March 2010 from http://www.multicultural.qld.gov.au/media/maq_making_world_difference_policy.pdf Transparency in government operations, Retrieved on 20th March 2010, from: http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=LyCV9MlnLPYpsTFdkCRBW0jF039GFrJhRMnS6WNP54VSvCvQ9M1G!144947719!-2000885492?docId=5001407337

Alexander’s Vast Accomplishments as a Conquerer Essay -- alexander the

The first matter to consider is what constitutes â€Å"greatness†. There are no set standards no checklist, to apply to a person, to determine it they are â€Å"great.† The simplest way that I could conceive to decide whether this title should apply to Alexander was to determine if he was, in some way, superior to the rulers that came before or after his reign. The most obvious place for me to start my consideration is with Alexander’s vast accomplishments as a conquerer. Alexander inherited an impressive military from his father and a stable kingdom; he also followed his father’s plans to invade Asia. Does this detract from his own accomplishments with the Macedonian army? I would argue that it does not. It does not matter how large his or how well trained his standing army had been, there can be no success without some form of military leadership. Alexander began his military campaign and his rule much where his father left off. Whether or not it was his aim, this created a sense of normality for the men that was part of his father’s regime. Alexander’s position as a warrior-king who stood side-by-side among his men also served to create respect among his peers. Gradually, as Alexander conquered more Persian land, he began to adopt the policies of Persian rulers. Alexander’s change in policy extended beyond just political roles, he gave consideration to the local gods in many of the lands that he conquered. Eventually, Alexander brought people in from the conquered nations to serve under him. It is unknown whether Alexander intended to adopt these practices; if he adopted the policies that he liked; or if he adopted policies for political purposes. No matter his intentions, Alexander’s changes in leadership pol... ...here are few people in history that can claim the military prowess, uncanny political maneuvering, and the overall lasting effect of the dissemination of a particular culture such as Alexander. Alexander’s exploits led to the spread of the Greek culture throughout Asia and Africa. They even went so far as to impact the Romans who dominated Hellenistic Egypt. He left in his wake and expansion of territory and commerce, with expanded trading ports and the exportation of the Greek political system. Christianity emerged with the Hellenization of the Jews and spread throughout Hellenized gentile communities. It seems impossible to catalogue every impact of Alexander’s empire. In the end, I have to conclude that Alexander does ‘fully deserve’ the title of â€Å"the Great.† Works Cited Worthington, Ian. Alexander The Great: A Reader. New York: Routledge, 2012.

US Imperialism in the Post-9/11 International Order

The history of the world is hitherto marked by the antagonisms in the economic aspects of the society. Since the existence of hierarchical orders in societal relations in political and economic relations were conceptualized, the contradictions between and among the decisive forces in the production process have long been made brutal and more explosive than any other points in human history. Hence, the development of the capitalist mode of production and its dominance as the world's economic system gave way for the advancement of nation-states into imperialist powers of the modern world.Contradictions among the classes in the society, between the industrialized countries and industrialized versus the colonies and semi-colonies, only intensified the differences and irreconcilable economic interests of the nations. These contradictions gave way for most of the world's major catastrophic events like the First World War and the Second World War, being, in reality, war between imperialist and industrialized powers secure their insatiable interests for the control of the market.Such nature of class antagonisms reflected the exploitation and oppression that the motive forces experienced in the light of these economic restrictions in the present economic condition (Lenin 1916: IX). This essay would settle on the issues raised by the presence of the United States' vast economic, political, and social sphere of influence on most regions of the world. As the world's only remaining superpower, the United States of America, maintains its structure in presenting and directing the course of global diplomatic, military and economic affairs.US imperialist expansion would be studied in order to come up with the particular nature of the hegemony and provide necessary clarifications on the nature of imperialism, super-imperialism and inter-imperialism and if ever these terms are applicable and politically relevant in today's discussion of global relations. After the terror attacks become the focus of regional diplomatic and military roadmaps, United States role in overseas affairs became even more directed towards armed resolution of conflict as essential appendage of its imperialist hegemony (Stivachtis, 2007).Marxist analysis of the society in general and political economy in particular could mainly present the foundations of this discourse by which we would draw the explanation for such concepts of imperialism and monopoly capitalist hegemony in the economic, political, cultural and other societal structures that are essentially intertwined with this. To Marxists, â€Å"imperialism† is not simply the â€Å"trend towards expansion† or the â€Å"conquest of foreign lands,† as it is defined by most political scientists and sociologists.The word is used in a much more precise sense to describe the general changes which occurred in the political, economic and social activity of the big bourgeoisie of the advanced capitalist countries, begin ning in the last quarter of the 19th century. These changes were closely related to alterations in the basic structure of this bourgeoisie (Germain 1955). With this definition, there are still varied interpretations of imperialism even among Marxists.Vladimir Lenin's theoretical exposition on this subject has long been accepted widely after the Soviet Union molded a formidable economic and military superpower and directly/indirectly influenced the outcomes of revolutions in third world countries. The first and second world wars were the major eruption of these antagonisms and the world experienced an imperialist war over territories for the acquisition of raw materials for the industries and market for the surplus products of the capitalist western powers. A polarized global atmosphere boiled into wars that in reality, wars of expansion.The United States benefitted greatly from the war. It made the nation accumulate more neo-colonies after the defeat of the Axis powers in Europe and Asia. Hence, a conclusion can be derived from these events: the United States, after its economy faced a major crisis in the 1930's, needed war in order to boost its military industrial complex, obtain new territories as sources of industrial needs and market for overproduced goods, propel its strategic military positions overseas and contain the Soviet union's growing power and influence.Kautsky and Luxemburg, famous Marxists in Europe, clarified imperialism and presented yet another perspective on imperialist stage of the bourgeois capitalist system. Kautsky stated that imperialism is an absolute terminology to be applied to the interests of an industrial nation to expand its commercial realm by arguing that precisely an industrialized nation cannot sell all its products within industrialized nations so it has to look for nations with backward economies that do not have the technology and capacity to produce similar goods or products (Germain 1955).Cox stipulated the mechanics of how the United States was able to control foreign markets and flooded with surplus goods. He argued that the ‘Empire' dominated these backward or lagging economies through intimidation by use of the military, alliance with the local elite thus assuring an elite's government friendly, if not servile, to United States' imperialist interests (Cox 2004: 309). The reality of the economic basis of imperialist hegemony has not really subsided at the turn of the 21st century and even after the Socialist block has collapsed in the 1990's.In fact, the same contradictions n the political economy of the world, however, significant alterations have pervaded since and the resulting events are what the current United States' ruling class faces. Robert Cox noted the events which shaped the present international order as end products of centuries of societal evolutionary and revolutionary processes. First, he refreshed what French diplomacy baptized as ‘hyper-power' of the United States of America due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of a bipolar world.Second, environmental concerns have taken the center stage of international affairs because of unstable conditions in the biosphere, biotechnology and genetically modified organisms. Along with these, there is the economic dilemma which suggests that capitalism continues to contain a tendency of widening the gap between the rich and the poor; ethnic, national, religious and other reason for polarization have been reaffirmed and; the emergence of ‘irregular' activities pertained to as terrorism and other organized crime.Hence, in the light of the authority's inaction regarding these concerns, the public developed skepticism towards established institutions (Cox 2004: 318). Further delving on this particular reasons for the establishment of a new international order, Cox asserted that with all these, there must be a ‘power' holding all these things completely so that this ‘p ower' could set forth the destruction or the genesis of an established reason.This ‘power' poses a dilemma as to what nature does this power hold that even Cox tried to provide an acceptable definition. Power†¦ [Is] in a very general sense to mean whatever force can intentionally bring about change in the behavior of any of the diversity of agents in world political economy. States are obviously to be included among the agents. Military strength and the capacity for economic coercion are obviously to be included among the relevant forces.The problem is to infer from observation of what has happened what the key forces are and what agents are capable of wielding those forces (Cox 2004: 308). Current international scene is dominated by the United States but the economic and diplomatic influences are fast rescinding because of US hegemony in many aspects of world affairs. The US led war on terror and its coalition of the willing is a manifestation of an inherent crisis in a monopoly capitalist system.Military power now assumes the greatest role in preserving the existing order while its continued intervention in domestic and regional conflicts only isolates US hegemony from the collective of nations. This fragile condition of artificial harmony in a US controlled international scene radiated greater conflicts and majority of the nations initiated their independence from the economic influence of the US through the formation of a regional economic and political cooperation.The euro for example, attempted to present an alternative to the US dollar. Even if this attempt did not gain head on with the US dollar, its presence already showed that economic regionalism was developing into more stable formations and poses formidable challenge to US unilateralism (Cox 2004:314). The war on terror has unveiled the nature of US imperialism that it is an ‘Empire' that sought to expand its influence and domination wherever necessary and possible.Conflicts in th e Middle East and the terror attacks in the US re-opened the debating floors to the concerns of terrorism and the ‘dialectic' relation of ‘terrorism' and ‘war on terror'. As Robert Cox puts it: †¦terrorism is a violent reaction to ‘Empire'; and for dominant power the response to ‘terrorism' is an expansion of ‘Empire'. The two are joined in dialectic without end since the two contestants are not of the same order†¦ The physical elimination of ‘terrorists' by police and military action does not eliminate ‘terrorism'.It encourages more people to take up the role of terrorist. The only way this quagmire dialectic could end would be by transcending the conflict in a reestablished legitimacy (Cox 2004: 318). Accumulating the economic, political, cultural and ideological crisis of the United States' monopoly capitalist empire, various thinkers attempted to explain the nature of this ‘Empire'. The most common of these terminol ogies used to refer to US imperial structure are ‘super-imperialism', ‘ultra-imperialism' and ‘inter-imperialism'.Super-imperialism is more concerned with the mechanics of the economy and that evolution from classical imperialism to super-imperialism was caused by a reverse in the international scene where US surpassed its preeminent creditor status to a debtor status, hence, the worsening crisis of finance capital under the capitalist system. Ultra Imperialism is a term coined by Karl Kautsky as a theoretical conception of imperialism in the September 1914 issue of Die Neue Zeit. Kautsky articulated that capitalist could exist without wars and these industrialized nations need not to divide territories and markets rather form a cartel.Lenin quickly repudiated this assertion and stressed that ultra-imperialism understates the class antagonisms in an imperialist system and the contradictions were disregarded. Inter-imperialism on the other hand does not really offer a new conception of imperialism but only an earlier term used by Hobson to what Kautsky referred to as ultra-imperialism. In broadest sense, US imperialism maintains the exploitative conditions at present, the contradiction between and among industrial nations and between industrial nations and third world.

Free Essays on Where The Domino Fell

Book Report: â€Å"Where the Domino Fell : America and Vietnam, 1945-1990† BY MARK T. TRUST Topic of The Book The topic of the book is the Vietnam War, specifically dealing with American involvement in the war. It provides a history of the events of Vietnam beginning from the end of World War II, continuing through to the Vietnam War itself. The Indochina War and the second Indochina War are also covered. This is followed by a discussion about the impact of the Vietnam War up to the present time. While the book has an American perspective it also offers a view of all sides of the war so that the whole chain of events can be fully understood. Central Ideas of The Book The book attempts to offer a full and unbiased view of the history of the Vietnam War. This includes discussing the environment that led to American involvement in the war. The political aims and the contribution that politics made are also covered in detail. As well as this the social and economic environment that led to the war are also discussed in detail. The book has an American viewpoint but does not argue that the decisions made by America were right. Instead it provides enough information that the decisions made can be understood. It is not an argument for America, but does allow the reader to understand how the decisions were made. It attempts to describe all the parties involve and put all the decisions and actions in context. As well as this it describes what effect the Vietnam War has had on America up the present time. In this way a view is presented that follows the war from the events that led to it, to the war itself and up to how it impacts in the present day. As well as providing the historical events, the book attempts to put the Vietnam War in its place in history. Evidence and Arguments Presented While the authors offer a history based on American involvement in Vietnam they also include background details on all the other parties invo... Free Essays on Where The Domino Fell Free Essays on Where The Domino Fell Book Report: â€Å"Where the Domino Fell : America and Vietnam, 1945-1990† BY MARK T. TRUST Topic of The Book The topic of the book is the Vietnam War, specifically dealing with American involvement in the war. It provides a history of the events of Vietnam beginning from the end of World War II, continuing through to the Vietnam War itself. The Indochina War and the second Indochina War are also covered. This is followed by a discussion about the impact of the Vietnam War up to the present time. While the book has an American perspective it also offers a view of all sides of the war so that the whole chain of events can be fully understood. Central Ideas of The Book The book attempts to offer a full and unbiased view of the history of the Vietnam War. This includes discussing the environment that led to American involvement in the war. The political aims and the contribution that politics made are also covered in detail. As well as this the social and economic environment that led to the war are also discussed in detail. The book has an American viewpoint but does not argue that the decisions made by America were right. Instead it provides enough information that the decisions made can be understood. It is not an argument for America, but does allow the reader to understand how the decisions were made. It attempts to describe all the parties involve and put all the decisions and actions in context. As well as this it describes what effect the Vietnam War has had on America up the present time. In this way a view is presented that follows the war from the events that led to it, to the war itself and up to how it impacts in the present day. As well as providing the historical events, the book attempts to put the Vietnam War in its place in history. Evidence and Arguments Presented While the authors offer a history based on American involvement in Vietnam they also include background details on all the other parties invo...

The Best Content Marketing Checklist To Make You More Successful

The Best Content Marketing Checklist To Make You More Successful We’re firm believers in the power of checklists. They’re essential for ensuring your work is efficient and effective. Nearly any task can be broken down into a logical list of steps. Following those steps makes sure projects are done right the first time, every time. That’s why we’ve created this extensive  content marketing checklist. Its made up of several smaller lists of basic steps for a variety of content marketing areas. Whether you’re a writer, designer, or project manager, there’s something useful for you here. You can download these  checklists in one editable Word doc within this post. Weve also included a template to create your own project checklist (plus five bonus checklists). The Best #ContentMarketing Checklist To Make You More Successful Table of Contents Content Marketing Project Management Checklist Keyword Research Checklist Blog Post Writing Checklist Proofreading And Copyediting Checklist Social Media Campaign Planning Checklist Email Marketing Checklist SEO Checklist Image Design Checklist Landing Page Checklist Video Marketing Checklist Podcasting Checklist Why Should You  Use Checklists For Content Marketing? There are three key benefits for following this checklist: Organize your workflow.  It’s easy to waste time wondering where to start projects. It’s even easier to succeed when you know exactly what to do. Ensure projects are thoroughly completed.  How many times have you kicked yourself because you missed a minor detail on a piece of content? Checklists help prevent common maladies like typos, missing details, factual inaccuracies, and more. Be more efficient and effective.  You’re busy. That means you need to make the most of your limited time. Checklists help you get more done faster by making it clear what needs to be done. Don’t simply take our word for it, though. Atul Gawande, author of The Checklist Manifesto, says: Good checklists †¦ are precise. They are efficient, to the point, and easy to use even in the most difficult situations. They do not try to spell out everythinga checklist cannot fly a plane. Instead, they provide reminders of only the most critical and important stepsthe ones that even the highly skilled professional using them could miss. Good checklists are, above all, practical. We couldn’t put it better ourselves (obviously, which is why we borrowed this quote). This video explains this point in much more detail: Back To Table Of Contents Content Marketing Project Management Checklist [   ] Define your objective. You need to set a goal before starting any project. It should also be clear which greater business objectives your content marketing project is working toward. [   ] Select channels, tactics, and strategies.  Nail these down before you start. [   ] Have deadlines been set? Deadlines are key for ensuring projects get shipped. They’re also useful for limiting scope creep. Determine how long each step in your project should reasonably take to complete. [   ] Are budgets set?  It’s important to know how much money you can spend on your project. This is true whether you’re working at an agency or in-house. If you need more cash, negotiate what you can get with whomever holds the purse strings in your organization. [   ] Delegate tasks to appropriate team members. Make sure you have the right team members ready to work on your project. Eliminate excess roles so those team members can be more effective elsewhere. [   ] Outline project completion steps.  Document each step required to complete your project. This essentially entails creating a unique, project-specific checklist of your own. [   ] Establish success metrics.  Planning is meaningless without successful execution. What will it take to consider your project successful? Determine what you’ll measure to gauge performance. [   ] Set dates for check-in meetings. It’s important to schedule times to discuss project progress. These meetings don’t need to be long. You simply need to maintain open communication to ensure you will reach your deadline. Check out this content marketing project management checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Keyword Research Checklist [   ] Create a keyword spreadsheet.  Spreadsheets are immensely helpful for keeping keyword data organized. [   ] Gather keyword search volumes.  There are a number of keyword research tools available to complete this step. The Google Keyword Planner is a free, must-use option. Here are some others to explore: SERPs Keyword Research Database (free) Keyword.io (free) Ubersuggest (free) Moz Keyword Explorer (limited free version / paid) Keyword Studio (paid) [   ] Analyze keyword difficulty.  It’s important to choose keywords you can reasonably expect to rank on. Here are three tools to consider using for this process: SEMRush  (limited free version / paid) Moz  (limited free version / paid) CanIRank  (free / paid) [   ] Understand keyword search intent.  Know what the intention is behind your keyword. Are they looking to make a purchase, doing research, or looking for information? [   ] Identify LSI keywords and long-tail keyword variations. [   ] Verify your keyword is relevant to your audience. High search engine rankings are meaningless if you’re publishing the wrong content. Make sure your chosen keyword fits within your niche and is relevant to your readers. [   ] Cross-reference keyword data with multiple tools. It’s always a good idea to use multiple tools for keyword research. This allows you to gather data from more than one source, providing a broader picture around your chosen keyword set. [   ] Make sure you’re not already targeting your selected keyword. It’s possible you may already rank for your chosen keyword without knowing it. This is where using an SEO platform like Moz, Raven Tools, or a dedicated rank tracking tool can be useful. [   ] Complete competitive research. Ask these questions: Are your competitors ranking on this keyword? Are there closely related keywords they’re targeting instead? Are there keywords you  can rank on that your  competition is neglecting? Check out this keyword research checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Blog Post Writing Checklist [   ] Select your topic.  Depending on your ideation process, this step may come before or after doing keyword research. [   ] Define your angle.  What unique perspective can you bring to your topic? [   ] Complete keyword research.  Keyword research is not dead. It’s an important step for ensuring readers can find your blog post. That’s why it bears repeating here. [   ] Complete competitive analysis.  Read other blog posts on your topic. Make note of what information they include. Determine how your post can add more value. This may mean incorporating new information or content types (video, infographics, etc.) missing from existing posts. [   ] Research your topic.  If you know your topic well, it’s important to do proper research. This helps prevent missing details and committing factual errors. It will also help establish you as an authority on your topic. [   ] Write your outline.  This is an important step for organizing your thoughts. Highlight the main points your post will cover. Then, determine your subheadings and sub-points. It’s much easier to finish a blog post when you know exactly what you’ll write first. This will save you time in the long run and make sure you hit your deadline. [   ] Write a strong headline.  Write 20 to 25 different options. Use our Headline Analyzer to choose the best one. [   ] Include a hook in your intro.  If your introduction isn’t immediately compelling, rewrite it. [   ] Write blog post body content. [   ] Include image direction and copy notes.  Determine where your graphics will be placed. Then, include brief summaries for each image that your designer can follow. These should include a headline, all copy, and a general idea of what it should look like. This makes life easier for your designer by removing guesswork. [   ] Place images and videos.  Make sure all images and videos are properly placed. This means ensuring they’re located in the right places and with the correct dimensions. If any are missing, add them in. [   ] Write corresponding social messages.  You’ll need social media content to promote your blog post, right? It’s often easiest to write these messages while the information is fresh in your mind. [   ] Proofread.  Catch your own errors before readers do. Look through everything yourself. Then, have another team member review your writing. Check out this blog post writing checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Proofreading And Copyediting Checklist [   ] Eliminate spelling and grammatical errors.  Your copy needs to be air-tight. Use an app like Grammarly or Hemingway to help with this process. [   ] Is this post better than any other on this topic?  This is somewhat subjective, sure. However, check to ensure your content is more comprehensive (or at least differentiated) from existing content from your competitors. [   ] Does this post introduce new information about your topic? Unique content is important both for providing actual value to readers. It’s also important for SEO. [   ] Are all sentences clear and easily readable? Writing can be grammatically correct without being easy to read. [   ] Is any key information missing?  Make sure no information needed to understand your topic is missing. Check to confirm all key details that need be mentioned. Cross-reference your post with others on the web to find potential gaps in your content. [   ] Implement correct formatting. Determine whether all formatting is consistent with your company or blog’s style standards. Also, check for the following: Do all bulleted and numbered lists appear correctly? Are images the correct size? Are paragraphs evenly spaced? [   ] Check graphics for spelling errors.  Image copy errors are easy to miss. Unfortunately, they’re also more difficult to fix than simply editing text in your blog CMS. It’s better to get this right before your posts publish. [   ] Does your post â€Å"show† and not just â€Å"tell†? Rather than simply telling your reader what your topic is about, show them. If your post doesn’t do this, it may not be as compelling as it could be. [   ] Is the copy consistent with your style standards? Whether you use AP style or your own style guide, it’s important that all text be consistent. This helps convey a clean and professional appearance. [   ] Are all your claims factually accurate?  Verify any information you’re unsure about. Publishing incorrect information can hurt your reputation. Worse, it could even get you in legal trouble. Check out this proofreading and copyediting checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Social Media Campaign Planning Checklist [   ] Does your campaign have a clear purpose?  Your campaign should have a clear aim in mind. Establish an objective (increasing followers, driving leads, raising brand awareness, etc.). [   ] Do you have social content prepared for (at least) the next two weeks?  Not all social media content should be pre-planned. However, it makes life much easier to have your core messaging scheduled in advance. This is especially true when managing multiple networks. Two weeks is generally a good amount of time to keep your calendar full. [   ] Have metrics and goals been determined?  If you’re planning a campaign, it’s important to determine which metrics you’ll use to gauge your success. [   ] Are all messages appropriate?  Brands get themselves in trouble due to offensive or inappropriate content far too often. Don’t be one of them. Before scheduling a campaign, review all messages to confirm there’s nothing offensive or culturally insensitive included. [   ] Does your campaign include content across all appropriate social networks that you’re on? [   ] Does your campaign incorporate strong images?  According to Hubspot, â€Å"colored visuals increase people's willingness to read a piece of content by 80%.† Keep this in mind when creating your social campaign content. Not every post may need images. However, it’s important to include a mix of images where possible and appropriate. [   ] Are hashtags present where necessary?  If you’re working on a campaign, consider creating a custom hashtag to tie all your posts together. If you’re tweeting about something timely or topical, do some hashtag research to see if there are any you can leverage for more exposure. [   ] Have you responded to all incoming social messages?  Make this part of your daily routine. If you’re tasked with managing social media full-time, consider upping that to an hourly check. Check out this social media campaign planning checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Email Marketing Checklist [   ] Have you written a strong subject line?  Follow our tips to write a compelling subject line that will get your recipients to click. [   ] Write copy and include all images. [   ] Do all links work in your email content?  Click each one prior to delivering your email. [   ] Has your email copy been proofread?  You can’t take back an email once it has been sent. Catch typos before you hit send. [   ] Is the value of your email clear to the reader? The recipients of your email want to know what’s in it for them. Ensure your subject line and body content convey a clear benefit to your audience. [   ] Is there a clear call to action?  If your email is intended to drive a desired action (reading an article, clicking a link, etc.), double-check that you have a strong call to action. [   ] Have you removed all default template content?  Many major email marketing platforms feature templates that include placeholder content. Nothing looks more unprofessional than seeing this unedited template text in an actual email. Make sure it’s gone. [   ] Are analytics set up correctly?  Most email platforms handle analytics well with minimal work required on your end. However, you may also want to ensure Google Analytics is properly configured to measure inbound traffic from your email newsletter. [   ] Is your list properly segmented?  If your list is segmented based on interests, demographics, or specified user requests, make sure you’re only sending emails to the right audience. [   ] Are you in compliance with CASL?  Canada’s Anti-Spam Law (CASL)  makes it illegal in that country to automatically check opt-in boxes to receive marketing emails. Avoid legal troubles by making sure your opt-in boxes default to being unchecked. [   ] Does your email direct to a quality landing or destination page?  Referring email recipients to an irrelevant or poor quality page can kill conversion rates from email marketing. Double-check that all links not only work, but send visitors to attractive-looking pages that are directly related to the content in your email. [   ] Is your email mobile-optimized?  Most major email platforms allow you to create mobile-friendly email newsletters. However, it’s a good idea to confirm that your emails look as good on phones and tablets as they do on desktop computers. [   ] Is your email scheduled for delivery at an optimal time? Check out this email marketing checklist!Back To Table Of Contents SEO Checklist [   ] Is your primary keyword in your URL, headline, H1 tag, title tag, meta description, and body content?  Don’t go overboard with keyword optimization. Simply include it within each of these areas. [   ] Are internal links to other posts and pages on your site included?  These help readers find more valuable information, in addition to helping search engines understand the relationships between your site or blog’s posts and pages. [   ] Have you written a strong title tag? A quality title tag: Is 70 characters or less. Is well-written and compelling to readers. Includes your primary keyword to let search engines know what your content is about. [   ] Have you specified a strong meta description?  If you don’t specify a meta description, search engines will generate a snippet of text pulled from your on-page content. However, writing your own gives you more control over how your pages appear in search results. Take the time to write one that summarizes your content and gives readers a compelling reason to click. [   ] Are there any broken links in your content?  Broken links create a poor user experience. They’re not great for SEO, either. Double-check your links before publishing your content. [   ] Is your content high quality?  Again, quality is subjective. There are some objective factors to consider though. These include: Is your text long enough? 300 words is considered the minimum for blog posts (although there are certainly exceptions). Aim to include as much content as is necessary to provide users with all the information they need on your topic. Does it include quality graphics, videos, and other visual elements? Does it explain its points as well, or better than, all other content  on this topic? [   ] Does your page load quickly?  Use Google’s PageSpeed Insights tool to confirm. [   ] Do all images include optimized alt-tags and file names?  If your image file names look something like 887ad0u9.jpg, take the time to rename them. Use descriptive keywords for file names, and up to 15 words worth of differentiated descriptive text for your alt-tags. Check out this search engine optimization checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Image Design Checklist [   ] Has all copy for your image been written?  If an image will include text, it’s best to have that copy written before beginning design. [   ] Proofread image copy. Never let an image get published with a typo. Review your image copy first. [   ] Has image direction been outlined?  If you’re creating a blog post or social media campaign, specify the direction for each graphic prior to beginning design. This helps keep the writer and the designer both on the same page. [   ] Design graphics. [   ] Have all brand  standards been met? Check that your image meets all visual branding guidelines for your brand or company. [   ] If creating multiple images for a campaign or blog post, do they all align visually?  Unless you have an intentional reason not to, keep your visual style consistent. [   ] Check image file size. If file sizes are too large, they may cause your web pages to load slowly. [   ] Is all text clearly readable?  Designs should avoid obscuring the ability to read on-image text. [   ] Is your resolution correct?  Here are some basic guidelines to abide by: 72 dpi for the web. 300 dpi for print. [   ] Are your dimensions correct?  All images should be the correct size for where they will be placed. For web images, never use your CMS to resize images- simply upload them at the correct size. Check out this content marketing image design checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Landing Page Checklist [   ] Write a clear outline. Do this before writing any actual landing page copy. This will help ensure your copy follows a logical sense of flow from start to finish. [   ] Write a strong headline.  Write 20 to 25 options and pick the best one (the same as you would with a blog post). [   ] Write landing page copy. [   ] Include a strong call-to-action. [   ] Create graphics. [   ] Design landing page. Tools like Unbounce and LeadPages make this easy. [   ] Check that branding and style align with your style standards.  This includes checking that color, font, and word choices are consistent with your brand’s style guides. [   ] Proofread. We can’t hammer this point home hard enough. [   ] Is your key selling point clear?  Your headline and/or above-the-fold design elements should clearly convey the purpose of your landing page. If another person can’t determine the point of your landing page quickly, consider making adjustments accordingly. [   ] Focus on benefits (not features). People don’t buy features. They buy the idea that a product or service can fix a problem or fill a need. Review your copy to confirm it conveys benefits more than it describes features. [   ] Do you have a promotion plan in place (PPC, social media posts, email, etc.)? If you’re building a landing page, you probably have a plan to promote it. It’s good to cross your Ts and dot your Is all the same. Double-check that you aren’t missing any opportunities or promotional channels. [   ] Align promotional messaging with your landing page copy.  Review all content promoting your landing page to ensure all messaging is consistent. [   ] Check that forms are easy to complete. If your landing page includes a lead generation form, test to ensure it’s easy to fill out. Difficult or confusing forms can cause conversion rates to plummet. [   ] Establish success metrics. Here are a few to consider: Conversion rate. Number of conversions. Page visits. [   ] Set up an A/B test.  If you’re using a service like LeadPages or Unbounce, setting up an A/B test for your landing pages is easy. Consider testing: Headlines Page layouts Landing page copy Check out this landing page building checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Video Marketing Checklist [   ] Gather equipment.  Make sure you have everything you need before shooting. This includes cameras, mics, props, and anything else you may need. [   ] Define the purpose of your video.  Companies often shoot off-the-cuff videos hoping they’ll â€Å"go viral.† Do better and clearly define your video’s purpose. It could: Demonstrate how to complete a task. Promote a new product. Be entertaining. Whatever you do, be intentional about it. [   ]   Write your script. Then, read it out loud to confirm it sounds clear and will fit within any length requirements. [   ] Identify on-screen personalities.  Line up actors and speakers before shooting. These can be co-workers, guests, or professional actors. [   ] Choose a filming location.  Know where you’ll shoot your video. Confirm you have access to your location. [   ] Check your lighting before shooting. [   ] Shoot video. [   ] Write a strong video title. It should be descriptive, and ideally, include any keywords you may want to rank for on YouTube and in search engines. [   ] Write a strong video description.  You’ll use this on YouTube (or anywhere else you upload your video). [   ] Upload video.  Some options include: YouTube Wistia Facebook Vimeo [   ] Add YouTube annotation links.  These are invaluable for turning YouTube into a traffic driver for your site or blog. [   ] If posting on YouTube, consider adding your video to a relevant playlist. This can help your video get found by users looking for similar content. Check out this video marketing checklist!Back To Table Of Contents Podcasting Checklist [   ] Make sure your mics work. This may seem obvious. However, it’s better to be sure they work before you start recording (especially if you have a guest). [   ] Line up guests and participants. Determine who will be on your podcast (whether that includes yourself, co-workers, or guests). [   ] Establish a topic or theme for your podcast episode.  Keep your podcast from going off-track by defining what it’s about. [   ] Create a loose outline.  You don’t need to script every word. Just create some loose bullet points for what you’ll discuss. If your podcast is in interview format, prepare questions first. [   ] Create intro music.  If you’re not musically inclined, buy stock music. Starting each episode with a familiar tune can help make your podcast more memorable to listeners. [   ] Record! [   ] Edit audio. [   ] Submit your podcast to iTunes and other app stores and directories. This can help listeners more easily find your podcast. [   ] Create a promotion strategy. This simply means creating promotional content to inform your audience about your podcast. It could include: A blog post. Social media posts. A mention in your email newsletter. [   ] Establish a regular posting schedule.  If you’ll be creating a podcast as a series, pick a consistent posting schedule. Using an editorial calendar can help keep you consistent.

Painting - George Washington Crossing the Delaware Essay

Painting - George Washington Crossing the Delaware - Essay Example The essay "Painting - George Washington Crossing the Delaware" focuses on the George Washington Crossing the Delaware, painted in 1851 by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. The obvious mismatch in dates between the creation of the painting and the actual crossing of the Delaware suggest that this was an event that was painted well after the fact – in fact, well after many of the recognizable men in the boat had been placed in their graves. Understanding a little about the history of the painting itself, along with the artist who painted it, helps to unravel some of the historical elements of the painting, both accurate and inaccurate. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze was a German-born painter who spent much of his life hopping back and forth across the Atlantic. He was born in Wurttemberg, Germany in the spring of 1816 and was brought to America as a small boy. It is known that he was in America in 1825 but that by 1841 he was on his way back to Germany again to take a course in art at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Bowman, 1995). From his earliest works, one can begin to see his fascination with historical subjects as his first work, purchased by the Dusseldorf Art Union, was entitled Columbus before the Council of Salamanca. According to John Bowman’s (1995) essay on the painter, Leutze determined to paint the image of one of the more decisive moments of the Revolutionary War as a means of supporting the various revolutionary movements that were then taking place in Europe at the time of the painting.

Financial Crisis about Fannie Mae Research Paper

Financial Crisis about Fannie Mae - Research Paper Example The Congress and President Roosevelt then passed a bill allowing for the establishment of Fannie Mae in order to freeze up capital by buying mortgages from lenders (Birger 38). The company was therefore chartered by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 to relieve the housing problem and increase homeownership among Americans. The primary purpose of Fannie Mae was to develop a secondary mortgage aimed at rejuvenating the financially strapped lenders such as loans and saving associations, mortgage banks, and commercial banks. Being a charted financial institution which is regulated by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), Fannie Mae was not affected by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (Birger 44). Before the 2008 housing bubble burst, Fannie Mae was very successful. However, the fall in home prices and mortgage securitization changed the mortgage and housing sectors, which culminated in plummeting property values and foreclosures. The subprime events are partially blamed for unethical considerations by the lending institutions. However, the weight of the crisis can be explained by the global financial contagion, which was inevitable and hence characterized as bad luck. Following the global financial crisis, all the financial and credit institutions either were either culprits or victims. The financial hardship period was met by a higher degree of defaults in the loans and credits advanced to potential borrowers. On their part, Fannie Mae was blamed for their inability to regulate and control internal affairs which included poor accounting and credit policies (Birger 45). After the real estate cratered, it was criticized for being unable to safeguard their investment portfolio s. Having heavily invested in the subprime-backed securities, a higher rate of default in the mortgage industry adversely affected the company.